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Journalism Journalism is a discipline of gathering, writing and reporting news, and more broadly it includes the process of editing and presenting the news articles. Journalism applies to various media, including but not limited to newspapers, magazines, radio, and television. While under pressure to be the first to publish their stories, news media organizations—each adhering to its own standards of accuracy, quality, and style—usually edit and proofread their reports prior to publication. Many news organizations claim proud traditions of holding government officials and institutions accountable to the public, while media critics have raised questions about holding the press itself accountable. The digitalization of news production and the diffusion capabilities of the internet are challenging the traditional journalistic professional culture. The concept of participatory or citizen journalism proposes that amateur reporters can actually produce their own stories either inside or outside professional media outlets, and thus end the monopoly the press holds over information production. Journalism's main activities include stating who, what, when, where, why and how (see the Five Ws), and stating the significance and effects of certain events or trends. Journalism exists in a number of media: newspapers, television, radio, magazines and, most recently, the World Wide Web through the Internet. Journalists, especially if they cover a specific subject or area (a "beat") are expected to cultivate sources, people in the subject or area, that they can communicate with, either to explain the details of a story, or to provide leads to other subjects of stories yet to be reported. They are also expected to develop their investigative skills to better research and report stories. Journalists enjoy similar powers and privileges as private citizens and organizations. The power of journalists over private citizens is limited by the citizen's rights to privacy. Many who seek favorable representation in the press (celebrities, for example) do grant journalists greater access than others enjoy. The right to privacy of a private citizen may be reduced or lost if the citizen is thrust into the public eye, either by their own actions or because they are involved in a public event or incident. Citizens and private organizations can refuse to deal with some or all journalists; the powers the press enjoy in many nations often make this tactic ineffective or counter-productive. In many nations, journalists and news organizations must function under similar threat of retaliation from private individuals or organizations as from governments. Criminals and criminal organizations, political parties, some zealous religious organizations, and even mobs of people have been known to punish journalists who speak or write about them in ways they do not like. Punishments can include threats, physical damage to property, assault, torture and murder. News-oriented journalism was described by former Washington Post editor, Phil Graham, as "a first rough draft of history", because journalists often record important historical events as they are happening, but just the same, they must produce their news articles on short deadlines. Learn Journalism, SCHOOLS Journalism, COLLEGES Journalism, INSTITUTES Journalism Coaching Journalism, Masters Journalism, Doctorate Journalism, Postgraduate Journalism, Useful Journalism, University Journalism, Scholarships Journalism, Programme Journalism, PhD Journalism, Jobs Journalism, Work Journalism, Careers Journalism, Information Journalism, Information Journalism, Courses Journalism, Guidance Journalism, Graduate Journalism, Higher Studies in Journalism. Welcome to StudyWorkinScotland.com the Finest Online Yellow pages for the Best Consultants/ Organization, Representatives, Agents, Agency that assists Students in pursuing Overseas (Abroad) Education in Universities (Schools, Colleges, Institutes) in Scotland. Find hundreds of Trusted Reputed Leading Consultants around the world. You can also find Good Institutions Coaching Centers for highly competitive Tests such as GRE, GMAT, SAT, TOEFL, IELTS also. This Yellow Page Helps / Guides you get the detail Information about contact details of their office address, Phone Numbers, websites and e-mail ids of leading Higher Studies Organization around the world.
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