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Geography

Geography (from the Greek words Geo or Gaea, both meaning "Earth", and graphein meaning "to describe" or "to write"or "to map") is the study of the earth and its features, inhabitants, and phenomena.A literal translation would be "to describe the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (275-195 B.C.). Four historical traditions in geographical research are the spatial analysis of natural and human phenomena (geography as a study of distribution), area studies (places and regions), study of man-land relationship, and research in earth sciences. Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the world and all of its human and natural complexities-- not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. As "the bridge between the human and physical sciences," geography is divided into two main branches - human geography and physical geography.

Traditionally, geography as well as geographers has been viewed as the same as cartography and people who study place names. Although many geographers are trained in toponymy and cartography, this is not their main preoccupation. Geographers study the spatial and temporal distribution of phenomena, processes and feature as well as the interaction of humans and their environment.[4] As space and place affect a variety of topics such as economics, health, climate, plants and animals, geography is highly interdisciplinary. The ideas of Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610 B.C.-c. 545 B.C.), considered by later Greek writers to be the true founder of geography, come to us through fragments quoted by his successors. Anaximander is credited with the invention of the gnomon,the simple yet efficient Greek instrument that allowed the early measurement of latitude. Thales, Anximander is also credited with the prediction of eclipses. The foundations of geography can be traced to the ancient cultures, such as the ancient, medieval, and early modern Chinese. The Greeks, who were the first to explore geography as both art and science, achieved this through Cartography, Philosophy, and Literature, or through Mathematics. There is some debate about who was the first person to assert that the Earth is spherical in shape, with the credit going either to Parmenides or Pythagoras. Anaxagoras was able to demonstrate that the profile of the Earth was circular by explaining eclipses. However, he still believed that the Earth was a flat disk, as did many of his contemporaries. One of the first estimates of the radius of the Earth was made by Eratosthenes.

Physical geography (or physiogeography) focuses on geography as an Earth science. It aims to understand the physical features of the Earth, its lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, pedosphere and global flora and fauna patterns (biosphere). Physical Geography can be divided into the following broad categories: Biogeography, Climatology and paleoclimatology, Coastal/Marine studies, Environmental Geography and management, Geodesy, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Hydrology/Hydrography, Limnology, Landscape ecology, Oceanography, Pedology, Palaeogeography. Learn Geography, SCHOOLS Geography, COLLEGES Geography, INSTITUTES Geography Coaching Geography, Masters Geography, Doctorate Geography, Postgraduate Geography, Useful Geography, University Geography, Scholarships Geography, Programme Geography, PhD Geography, Jobs Geography, Work Geography, Careers Geography, Information Geography, Information Geography, Courses Geography, Guidance Geography, Graduate Geography, Higher Studies in Geography.

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